5.+States+of+Conciousness


 * V. States of Consciousness (2–4%)** View Multiple Choice Questions

Understanding consciousness and what it encompasses is critical to an appreciation of what is meant by a given state of consciousness. The study of variations in consciousness includes an examination of the sleep cycle, dreams, hypnosis, and the effects of psychoactive drugs.

AP students in psychology should be able to do the following: • Describe various states of consciousness and their impact on behavior. • Discuss aspects of sleep and dreaming: — stages and characteristics of the sleep cycle; — theories of sleep and dreaming; — symptoms and treatments of sleep disorders. • Describe historic and contemporary uses of hypnosis (e.g., pain control, psychotherapy). • Explain hypnotic phenomena (e.g., suggestibility, dissociation). • Identify the major psychoactive drug categories (e.g., depressants, stimulants) and classify specific drugs, including their psychological and physiological effects. • Discuss drug dependence, addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal. • Identify the major figures in consciousness research (e.g., William James, Sigmund Freud, Ernest Hilgard).


 * Possible Multiple Choice Questions**

-During REM sleep, which of the following is most likely to occur? (a) Slowed respiration (b) Sleepwalking (c) Stable blood pressure (d) Decreased heart rate (e) Suppressed muscle tone

-Memory researchers are suspicious of long-repressed memories of traumatic events that are “recovered” with the aid of drugs or hypnosis because: (a) Such experiences usually are vividly remembered. (b) Such memories are unreliable and easily influenced by misinformation (c) Memories of events happening before about age 3 are especially unreliable. (d) Of all of the above reasons.

-I am a widely abused drug that has a calming effect by stimulating the release of dopamine in the central nervous system. What am I?   A) caffeine    B) alcohol C) nicotine  D) cocaine

Abraham's doctor prescribes medication that increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin in his nervous system. Evidently, Abraham is being treated with an ________ drug. A) antipsychotic   B) antianxiety C) antidepressant   D) anticonvulsive

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or: A) dopamine.   B) lithium. C) norepinephrine.  D) acetylcholine.