07.+Cognition+Questions

Cognition Questions:


 * 1. || The three steps in memory information processing are: ||
 * A) || input, processing, output. ||
 * B) || input, storage, output. ||
 * C) || input, storage, retrieval. ||
 * **D) ** || **encoding, storage, retrieval. ** ||


 * 2. || The process of getting information out of #|memory storage is called: ||
 * A) || encoding. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retrieval. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">rehearsal. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">storage. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">3. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">suddenly remembering to buy bread while standing in the #|checkout line at the grocery store ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">recalling the name of someone from high school while looking at his or her yearbook snapshot ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">remembering to make an important phone call ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**remembering what you were doing on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed planes into the World Trade Center tower** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">4. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">The three-stage processing model of memory was proposed by: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Atkinson and Shiffrin. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Herman Ebbinghaus. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Loftus and Palmer. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">George Sperling. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">5. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">The first thing Karen did when she discovered that she had misplaced her keys was to re-create in her mind the day's events. That she had little difficulty in doing so illustrates: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">automatic processing. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">effortful processing. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">state-dependent memory. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">priming. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">6. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Information is maintained in short-term memory only briefly unless it is: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoded. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">rehearsed. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">iconic or echoic. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retrieved. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">7. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">The spacing effect means that: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**distributed study yields better retention than cramming**. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retention is improved when encoding and retrieval are separated by no more than 1 hour. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">learning causes a reduction in the size of the synaptic gap between certain neurons. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">delaying retrieval until memory has consolidated improves recall. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">8. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">According to the serial position effect, when recalling a list of words you should have the greatest difficulty with those: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">at the beginning of the list. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">at the end of the list. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">at the end and in the middle of the list. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">in the middle of the list. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">9. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Experimenters gave people a list of words to be recalled. When the participants were tested after a delay, the items that were best recalled were those: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">at the beginning of the list. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">in the middle of the list. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">at the end of the list. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">at the beginning and the end of the list. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">10. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Although you can't recall the answer to a question on your psychology midterm, you have a clear mental image of the textbook page on which it appears. Evidently, your encoding of the answer was . ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">semantic; automatic ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">visual; automatic ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">semantic; effortful ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">visual; effortful ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">11. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Darren was asked to memorize a list of letters that included //v//, //q//, //y//, and //j//. He later recalled these letters as //e//, //u//, //i//, and //k//, suggesting that the original letters had been encoded: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">automatically. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">visually. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">semantically. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">acoustically. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">12. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Craik and Tulving had research participants process words visually, acoustically, or semantically. In a subsequent recall test, which type of processing resulted in the greatest retention? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">visual ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">acoustic ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">semantic ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Acoustic and semantic processing were equally beneficial ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">13. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">To help him remember the order of ingredients in difficult recipes, master chef Giulio often associates them with the route he walks to work each day. Giulio is using which mnemonic technique? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">peg-word system ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">acronyms ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">the method of loci ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">chunking ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">14. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Memory techniques such as the method of loci, acronyms, and the peg-word system are called: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">#|consolidation devices. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">imagery techniques. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding strategies. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">mnemonic devices. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">15. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">One way to increase the amount of information in memory is to group it into larger, familiar units. This process is referred to as: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">consolidating. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">organization. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">chunking. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">16. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Textbook chapters are often organized into in order to facilitate information processing. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">mnemonic devices ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">chunks ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">hierarchies ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">recognizable units ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">17. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">When Gordon Bower presented words grouped by category or in random order, recall was: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">the same for all words. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">better for the categorized words. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">better for the random words. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">improved when participants developed their own mnemonic devices. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">18. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Visual sensory memory is referred to as: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">iconic memory. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">echoic memory. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">photomemory. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">semantic memory. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">19. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">In Sperling's memory experiment, research participants were shown three rows of three letters, followed immediately by a low-, medium-, or high tone. The participants were able to report: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">all three rows with perfect accuracy. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">only the top row of letters. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">only the middle row of letters. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">any one of the three rows of letters. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">20. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Echoic memories fade after approximately: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">1 hour. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">1 minute. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">1 second. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">3 to 4 seconds. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">21. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Our short-term memory span is approximately items. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">2 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">5 ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">7 ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">10 ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">22. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Brenda has trouble remembering her new five-digit zip plus four-digit address code. What is the most likely explanation for the difficulty Brenda is having? ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Nine digits are at or above the upper limit of most people's short-term memory capacity. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Nine digits are at or above the upper limit of most people's iconic memory capacity. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">The extra four digits cannot be organized into easily remembered chunks. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Brenda evidently has an impaired implicit memory. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">23. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">It is easier to recall information that has just been presented when the information: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">consists of random letters rather than words. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">is seen rather than heard. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**is heard rather than seen**. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">is experienced in an unusual context. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">24. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Lashley's studies, in which rats learned a maze and then had various parts of their brains surgically removed, showed that the memory: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">was lost when surgery took place within 1 hour of learning. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">was lost when surgery took place within 24 hours of learning. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">was lost when any region of the brain was removed. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">remained no matter which area of the brain was tampered with. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">25. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Studies demonstrate that learning causes permanent neural changes in the of animals' neurons. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">myelin ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">cell bodies ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">synapses ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">all of the above ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">26. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Kandel and Schwartz have found that when learning occurs, more of the neurotransmitter is released into synapses. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">ACh ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">dopamine ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">serotonin ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">noradrenaline ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">27. || //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Long-term potentiation //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> refers to:  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">the disruptive influence of old memories on the formation of new memories. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">the disruptive influence of recent memories on the retrieval of old memories. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">our tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with our current mood. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**the increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning**. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">28. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">The disruption of memory that occurs when football players have been knocked out provides evidence for the importance of: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">consolidation in the formation of new memories. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">consolidation in the retrieval of long-term memories. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">nutrition in normal neural functioning. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">all of the above. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">29. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">During basketball practice, Jan's head was painfully elbowed. If the trauma to her brain disrupts her memory, we would expect that Jan would be most likely to forget: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">the name of her teammates. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">her telephone number. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">the name of the play during which she was elbowed. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">the details of events that happened shortly after the incident. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">30. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Memory for skills is called: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">explicit memory. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">declarative memory. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">prime memory. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">implicit memory. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">31. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Studies of amnesia victims suggest that: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">memory is a single, unified system. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">there are two distinct types of memory. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">there are three distinct types of memory. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">memory losses following brain trauma are unpredictable. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">32. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Elderly Mr. Flanagan, a retired electrician, can easily remember how to wire a light switch, but he cannot remember the name of the president of the United States. Evidently, Mr. Flanagan's memory is better than his memory. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">implicit; explicit ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">explicit; implicit ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">declarative; procedural ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">explicit; declarative ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">33. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Amnesia patients typically experience disruption of: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">implicit memories. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">explicit memories. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">iconic memories. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">echoic memories. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">34. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">After suffering damage to the hippocampus, a person would probably: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">lose memory for skills such as bicycle riding. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">be incapable of being classically conditioned. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">lose the ability to store new facts. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">experience all of the above changes. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">35. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Amnesia victims typically have experienced damage to the of the brain. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">frontal lobes ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">cerebellum ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">thalamus ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">hippocampus ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">36. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which area of the brain is most important in the processing of implicit memories? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">hippocampus ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">cerebellum ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">hypothalamus ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">amygdala ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">37. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which of the following is not a measure of retention? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">recall ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">recognition ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">relearning ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retrieval ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">38. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which of the following measures of retention is the least sensitive in triggering retrieval? ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">recall ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">recognition ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">relearning ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">They are equally sensitive. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">39. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Complete this analogy: Fill-in-the-blank test questions are to multiple-choice questions as: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding is to storage. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">storage is to encoding. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">recognition is to recall. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">recall is to recognition. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">40. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">In an effort to remember the name of the classmate who sat behind her in fifth grade, Martina mentally recited the names of other classmates who sat near her. Martina's effort to refresh her memory by activating related associations is an example of: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">priming. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">déjà vu. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">relearning. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">41. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">In a study on context cues, people learned words while on land or when they were underwater. In a later test of recall, those with the best retention had: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">learned the words on land, that is, in the more familiar context. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">learned the words underwater, that is, in the more exotic context. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">learned the words and been tested on them in different contexts. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">learned the words and been tested on them in the same context. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">42. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Walking through the halls of his high school 10 years after graduation, Tom experienced a flood of old memories. Tom's experience showed the role of: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">state-dependent memory. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">context effects. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retroactive interference. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">echoic memory. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">43. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">The eerie feeling of having been somewhere before is an example of: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">state dependency. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding failure. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">priming. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">déjà vu. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">44. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Being in a bad mood after a hard day of work, Susan could think of nothing positive in her life. This is best explained as an example of: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">priming. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">memory construction. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">mood-congruent memory. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retrieval failure. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">45. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">When he was 8 years old, Frank was questioned by the police about a summer camp counselor suspected of molesting children. Even though he was not, in fact, molested by the counselor, today 19-year-old Frank “remembers” the counselor touching him inappropriately. Frank's false memory is an example of which “sin” of memory? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">blocking ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">transience ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">misattribution ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">suggestibility ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">46. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">According to memory researcher Daniel Schacter, blocking occurs when: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">our inattention to details produces encoding failure. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">we confuse the source of information. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">our beliefs influence our recollections. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">information is on the tip of our tongue, but we can't get it out. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">47. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which of the following terms does //not// belong with the others? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">misattribution ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">blocking ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">suggestibility ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">bias ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">48. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which of the following best describes the typical forgetting curve? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">a steady, slow decline in retention over time ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">a steady, rapid decline in retention over time ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">a rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">a slow initial decline in retention becoming rapid thereafter ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">49. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">At your high school reunion you cannot remember the last name of your homeroom teacher. Your failure to remember is most likely the result of: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding failure. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">storage failure. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retrieval failure. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">state-dependent memory. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">50. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">When Carlos was promoted, he moved into a new office with a new phone extension. Every time he is asked for his phone number, Carlos first thinks of his old extension, illustrating the effects of: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">proactive interference. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retroactive interference. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding failure. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">storage failure. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">51. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">After finding her old combination lock, Janice can't remember its combination because she keeps confusing it with the combination of her new lock. She is experiencing: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">proactive interference. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retroactive interference. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding failure. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">storage failure. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">52. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Jenkins and Dallenbach found that memory was better in subjects who were: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">awake during the retention interval, presumably because decay was reduced. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">asleep during the retention interval, presumably because decay was reduced. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">awake during the retention interval, presumably because interference was reduced. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**asleep during the retention interval, presumably because interference was reduced**. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">53. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which of the following sequences would be best to follow if you wanted to minimize interference-induced forgetting in order to improve your recall on the psychology midterm? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">study, eat, test ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">study, sleep, test ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">study, listen to music, test ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">study, exercise, test ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">54. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Repression is an example of: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding failure. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">memory decay. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">motivated forgetting. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">all of the above. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">55. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Lewis cannot remember the details of the torture he experienced as a prisoner of war. According to Freud, Lewis's failure to remember these painful memories is an example of: ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">repression. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">retrieval failure. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">state-dependent memory. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">flashbulb memory. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">56. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which of the following illustrates the constructive nature of memory? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Janice keeps calling her new boyfriend by her old boyfriend's name. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">After studying all afternoon and then getting drunk in the evening, Don can't remember the material he studied. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">After getting some good news, elated Kareem has a flood of good memories from his younger years. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D**)** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**Although elderly Mrs. Harvey, who has Alzheimer's disease, has many gaps in her memory, she invents sensible accounts of her activities so that her family will not worry**. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">57. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Studies by Loftus and Palmer, in which people were quizzed about a film of an accident, indicate that: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">when quizzed immediately, people can recall very little, due to the stress of witnessing an accident. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">when questioned as little as one day later, their memory was very inaccurate. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">most people had very accurate memories as much as six months later. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">people's recall may easily be affected by misleading information. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">58. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">The misinformation effect provides evidence that memory: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">is constructed during encoding. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">is unchanging once established. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">may be reconstructed during recall according to how questions are framed. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">is highly resistant to misleading information. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">59. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Research on memory construction reveals that memories: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">are stored as exact copies of experience. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">reflect a person's biases and assumptions. ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">may be chemically transferred from one organism to another. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">even if long term, usually decay within about five years. ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">60. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Hypnotically “refreshed” memories may prove inaccurate—especially if the hypnotist asks leading questions—because of: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding failure. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">state-dependent memory. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">proactive interference. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">memory construction. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">61. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Memory researchers are suspicious of long-repressed memories of traumatic events that are “recovered” with the aid of drugs or hypnosis because: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">such experiences usually are vividly remembered. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">such memories are unreliable and easily influenced by misinformation. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">memories of events happening before about age 3 are especially unreliable. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">of all of the above reasons. ** ||


 * <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">62. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Which of the following was //not// recommended as a strategy for improving memory? ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">active rehearsal ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">distributed study ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">speed-reading ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">encoding meaningful associations ||