13.+Treatment+of+Abnormal+Behavior+Questions

Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Sample Multiple Choice Questions 1. An eclectic psychotherapist is one who: A) takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their problems. B) views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one cause, such as a biological abnormality. C) uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counterconditioning, in treating disorders.
 * D) uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem. **

2. Of the following therapists, who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses? A) a behavior therapist B) a cognitive therapist C) a humanistic therapist **D) a psychoanalyst**

3. The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called ; it is favored by therapists. A) active listening; cognitive B) spontaneous remission; humanistic D) systematic desensitization; behavior
 * C) free association; psychoanalytic **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">4. During a session with his psychoanalyst, Jamal hesitates while describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic framework, this is an example of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) transference. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) insight. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) mental repression. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) resistance.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">5. During psychoanalysis, Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of a of her feelings toward her father. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) projection <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) resistance <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) regression <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) transference**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">6. Which type(s) of psychotherapy would be most likely to use the interpretation of dreams as a technique for bringing unconscious feelings into awareness? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) psychoanalysis <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) psychodynamic therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) cognitive therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) both a. and b.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">7. Which of the following is //not// a common criticism of psychoanalysis? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) It emphasizes the existence of repressed memories. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) It provides interpretations that are hard to disprove. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) It is generally a very expensive process. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) It gives therapists too much control over patients.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">8. Unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) helps people gain insight into the roots of their problems. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) offers interpretations of patients' feelings. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) focuses on current relationships.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) does all of the above.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">9. Of the following categories of psychotherapy, which is known for its nondirective nature? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) psychoanalysis <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) humanistic therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) behavior therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) cognitive therapy**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">10. Given that Jim's therapist attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, she is probably practicing: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) psychoanalysis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) behavior therapy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) cognitive therapy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) client-centered therapy.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">11. Carl Rogers was a therapist who was the creator of. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) behavior; systematic desensitization <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) psychoanalytic; insight therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) humanistic; client-centered therapy** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) cognitive; cognitive therapy for depression

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">12. Which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's inherent potential for self-fulfillment? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) behavior therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) psychoanalysis <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) humanistic therapy** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) biomedical therapy

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">13. The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a nondirective manner is called: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) active listening.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) free association. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) systematic desensitization. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) meta-analysis.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">14. Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors rather than on discovering their underlying causes? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) behavior therapy** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) cognitive therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) humanistic therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) psychoanalysis

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">15. Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus on eliminating her problem behavior rather than gaining insight into its underlying cause. Most likely, Leota has consulted a therapist. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) behavior** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) humanistic <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) cognitive <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) psychoanalytic

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">16. The techniques of counterconditioning are based on principles of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) observational learning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) classical conditioning.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) operant conditioning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) behavior modification.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">17. The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) a reflection of irrational thinking. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) conditioned responses.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) expressions of unfulfilled wishes. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) all of the above.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">18. In order to help him overcome his fear of flying, Duane's therapist has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering stimuli and then learn to associate each with a state of deep relaxation. Duane's therapist is using the technique called: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) systematic desensitization.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) aversive conditioning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) shaping. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) free association.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">19. In which of the following does the client learn to associate a relaxed state with a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing situations? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) cognitive therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) aversive conditioning <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) counterconditioning <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) systematic desensitization**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">20. To help Sam quit smoking, his therapist blew a blast of smoke into Sam's face each time Sam inhaled. Which technique is the therapist using? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) exposure therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) behavior modification <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) systematic desensitization <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) aversive conditioning**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">21. Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an association between unwanted behavior and an unpleasant experience is known as: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) aversive conditioning.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) systematic desensitization. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) transference. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) electroconvulsive therapy.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">22. One reason that aversive conditioning may only be temporarily effective is that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) for ethical reasons, therapists cannot use sufficiently intense unconditioned stimuli to sustain classical conditioning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) patients are often unable to become sufficiently relaxed for conditioning to take place. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) most conditioned responses are elicited by many nonspecific stimuli and it is impossible to countercondition them all.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">23. A patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed, being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her physical appearance. The poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as television viewing, snacks, and magazines. This is an example of the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) psychodynamic therapy technique called systematic desensitization. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) behavior therapy technique called token economy.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) cognitive therapy technique called token economy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) humanistic therapy technique called systematic desensitization.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">24. Principles of operant conditioning underlie which of the following techniques? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) counterconditioning <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) systematic desensitization <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) stress inoculation training <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) the token economy**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">25. The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for various rewards is called: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) counterconditioning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) systematic desensitization. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) a token economy.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) exposure therapy.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">26. Which of the following is //not// a common criticism of behavior therapy? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) Clients may not develop intrinsic motivation for their new behaviors. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) Behavior control is unethical. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) Outside the therapeutic setting, the new behavior may disappear. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) All of the above are criticisms of behavior therapy.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">27. After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of his athletic incompetence. The campus psychologist challenged his illogical reasoning and pointed out that Darnel's “incompetence” had earned him an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical of a therapist. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) behavior <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) psychoanalytic <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) client-centered <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) cognitive**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">28. Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) EMDR <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) client-centered therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) cognitive therapy** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) behavior therapy

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">29. Which form of therapy is //most// likely to be successful in treating depression? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) behavior therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) psychoanalysis <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) cognitive therapy** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) humanistic therapy

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">30. One variety of therapy is based on the finding that depressed people often attribute their failures to. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) humanistic; themselves <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) behavior; external circumstances <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) cognitive; external circumstances <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) cognitive; themselves**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">31. Ben is a cognitive-behavior therapist. Compared to Rachel, who is a behavior therapist, Ben is more likely to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) base his therapy on principles of operant conditioning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) base his therapy on principles of classical conditioning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) address clients' attitudes as well as behavio**rs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) focus on clients' unconscious urges.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">32. Cognitive-behavior therapy aims to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) alter the way people act. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) make people more aware of their irrational negative thinking. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) alter the way people think and act.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) countercondition anxiety-provoking stimuli.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">33. Which of the following types of therapy does //not// belong with the others? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) cognitive therapy** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) family therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) self-help group <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) support group

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">34. Family therapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy because it focuses on: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) using a variety of treatment techniques. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) conscious rather than unconscious processes. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) the present instead of the past. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) how family tensions may cause individual problems.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">35. Before 1950, the main mental health providers were: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) psychologists. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) paraprofessionals. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) psychiatrists.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) the clergy.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">36. The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest resul**ts. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) Whereas studies strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, many clients feel dissatisfied with their progress. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike paint a very mixed picture of the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">37. Which of the following best describes the results of the 30-year follow-up study of 500 Massachusetts boys who had been considered pre-delinquents? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) Pre-delinquent boys who received counseling had fewer problems as adults than untreated pre-delinquent boys. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) Pre-delinquent boys who did not receive counseling had slightly fewer problems as adults than boys who received counseling.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) Pre-delinquent boys who underwent behavior therapy had fewer problems as adults than boys who underwent psychoanalysis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) Pre-delinquent boys who underwent psychoanalysis had fewer problems as adults than boys who underwent behavior therapy.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">38. The following are some of the conclusions drawn in the text regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy. For which of these conclusions did the Massachusetts study of pre-delinquent boys provide evidence? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy usually are very accurate. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy differ somewhat from the objective findings.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) Individuals who receive treatment do somewhat better than individuals who do not. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) Overall, no one type of therapy is a “winner,” but certain therapies are more suited to certain problems.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">39. (Thinking Critically) A person can derive benefits from psychotherapy simply by believing in it. This illustrates the importance of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) spontaneous remission. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) the placebo effect.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) the transference effect. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) interpretation.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">40. Nick survived a car accident in which another passenger died. Feeling anxious and guilty, he sought treatment from an alternative therapist, who used eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to help Nick return to his normally upbeat, optimistic frame of mind. After several months of treatment Nick began feeling better. Although Nick is convinced that the alternative therapy was responsible for his improvement, it is also possible that it was the result of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) regression toward the mean. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) a placebo effect. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) merely seeking treatment from any practitioner who provided an empathic, trusting environment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) all of the above.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">41. Which of the following is //not// necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual therapies? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) They tend to take less time for the therapist. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) They tend to cost less money for the client. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) They are more effective.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) They allow the client to test new behaviors in a social context.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">42. A relative wants to know which type of therapy works best. You should tell your relative that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) psychotherapy does not work. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) behavior therapy is the most effective. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) cognitive therapy is the most effective. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">43. The results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveals that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) no single type of therapy is consistently superior. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) behavior therapies are most effective in treating specific problems, such as phobias. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) all of the above are true.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">44. Light-exposure therapy has proven useful as a form of treatment for people suffering from: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) bulimia. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) seasonal affective disorder.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) dissociative identity disorder.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">45. A close friend who for years has suffered from wintertime depression is seeking your advice regarding the effectiveness of light-exposure therapy. What should you tell your friend? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) “Don't waste your time and money. It doesn't work.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) “A more effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) “You'd be better off with a prescription for lithium.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) “It might be worth a try. There is some evidence that morning light exposure produces relief.”**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">46. Among the common ingredients of the psychotherapies is: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) the offer of a therapeutic relationship. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) the expectation among clients that the therapy will prove helpful. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) the chance to develop a fresh perspective on oneself and the world. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) all of the above**.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">47. A meta-analysis of research studies comparing the effectiveness of professional therapists with paraprofessionals found that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) the professionals were much more effective than the paraprofessionals. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) the paraprofessionals were much more effective than the professionals. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) except in treating depression, the paraprofessionals were about as effective as the professionals. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) the paraprofessionals were about as effective as the professionals.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">48. Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is most likely a: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) psychologist. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) psychiatrist.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) psychiatric social worker. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) clinical social worker.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">49. Which biomedical therapy is //most// likely to be practiced today? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) psychosurgery <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) electroconvulsive therapy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) drug therapy** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) counterconditioning

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">50. In an experiment testing the effects of a new antipsychotic drug, neither Dr. Cunningham nor her patients know whether the patients are in the experimental or the control group. This is an example of the technique. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) meta-analysis <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) within-subjects <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) double-blind** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) single-blind

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">51. Linda's doctor prescribes medication that blocks the activity of dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is being treated with an drug. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) antipsychotic** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) antianxiety <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) antidepressant <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) anticonvulsive

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">52. The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking the receptor sites for: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) dopamine.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) epinephrine. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) norepinephrine. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) serotonin.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">53. The types of drugs criticized for reducing symptoms without resolving underlying problems are the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**A) antianxiety drugs.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) antipsychotic drugs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) antidepressant drugs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) amphetamines.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">54. Abraham's doctor prescribes medication that increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin in his nervous system. Evidently, Abraham is being treated with an drug. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) antipsychotic <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) antianxiety <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) antidepressant** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) anticonvulsive

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">55. Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) dopamine. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) lithium. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) norepinephrine.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) acetylcholine.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">56. Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) depression.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) personality disorders. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) anxiety disorders.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">57. A psychiatrist has diagnosed a patient as having bipolar disorder. It is likely that she will prescribe: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) an antipsychotic drug. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**B) lithium.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) an antianxiety drug. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) a drug that blocks receptor sites for serotonin.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">58. Which of the following is the drug most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) Ativan <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) chlorpromazine <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) Xanax <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) lithium**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">59. Although Moniz won the Nobel prize for developing the lobotomy procedure, the technique is not widely used today because: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) it produces a lethargic, immature personality. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) it is irreversible. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) calming drugs became available in the 1950s. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) of all of the above reasons.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">60. In concluding her talk entitled “Psychosurgery Today,” Ashley states that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) “Psychosurgery is still widely used throughout the world.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) “Electroconvulsive therapy is the only remaining psychosurgical technique that is widely practiced.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**C) “With advances in psychopharmacology, psychosurgery has largely been abandoned.”** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">D) “Although lobotomies remain popular, other psychosurgical techniques have been abandoned.”

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">61. Psychologists who advocate a approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by changing the disturbed individual's. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) biomedical; diet <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) family; behavior <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) humanistic; feelings <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) preventive; environment**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">62. A psychotherapist who believes that the best way to treat psychological disorders is to prevent them from developing would be //most// likely to view disordered behavior as: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A) maladaptive thoughts and actions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">B) expressions of unconscious conflicts. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">C) conditioned responses. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**D) an understandable response to stressful social conditions**.