08.+Motivation+and+Emotion+Questions

A) reduces a drive.   B) aims at satisfying a biological need.  C) energizes an organism to act.   **D) energizes and directs behavior. **   2. One shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation is that it:  A) places too much emphasis on environmental factors.   B) focuses on cognitive aspects of motivation.  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) applies only to animal behavior. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) does not explain human behaviors; it simply names them. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">3. Few human behaviors are rigidly patterned enough to qualify as: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) needs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) drives. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) instincts. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) incentives. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">4. Instinct theory and drive-reduction theory both emphasize ________ factors in motivation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) environmental <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) cognitive <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) psychological <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) biological **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">5. Which of the following is //not// an example of homeostasis? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) perspiring in order to restore normal body temperature <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) feeling hungry and eating to restore the level of blood glucose to normal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) feeling hungry at the sight of an appetizing food **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) All of the above are examples of homeostasis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">6. Which of the following is a difference between a drive and a need? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Needs are learned; drives are inherited. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Needs are physiological states; drives are psychological states. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Drives are generally stronger than needs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Needs are generally stronger than drives. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">7. Homeostasis refers to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the tendency to maintain a steady internal state. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) the tendency to seek external incentives for behavior. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) the setting of the body's “weight thermostat.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) a theory of the development of sexual orientation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">8. One problem with the idea of motivation as drive reduction is that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) because some motivated behaviors do not seem to be based on physiological needs, they cannot be explained in terms of drive reduction. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) it fails to explain any human motivation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) it cannot account for homeostasis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) it does not explain the hunger drive. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">9. Which of the following is //inconsistent// with the drive-reduction theory of motivation? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) When body temperature drops below 98.6° Fahrenheit, blood vessels constrict to conserve warmth. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) A person is driven to seek a drink when his or her cellular water level drops below its optimum point. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Monkeys will work puzzles even if not given a food reward. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) A person becomes hungry when body weight falls below its biological set point. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">10. Mary loves hang-gliding. It would be most difficult to explain Mary's behavior according to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) incentives. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) achievement motivation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) drive-reduction theory. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">11. For two weeks, Orlando has been on a hunger strike in order to protest his country's involvement in what he perceives as an immoral war. Orlando's willingness to starve himself in order to make a political statement conflicts with the theory of motivation advanced by: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Kinsey. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Murray. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Keys. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Maslow. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">12. Beginning with the most basic needs, which of the following represents the correct sequence of needs in the hierarchy described by Maslow? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) safety; physiological; esteem; belongingness and love; self-fulfillment <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) safety; physiological; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) physiological; safety; esteem; belongingness and love; self-fulfillment <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) physiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">13. According to Maslow's theory: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the most basic motives are based on physiological needs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) needs are satisfied in a specified order. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) the highest motives relate to self-actualization. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above are true. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">14. In his study of men on a semistarvation diet, Keys found that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the metabolic rate of the subjects increased. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) the subjects eventually lost interest in food. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) the subjects became obsessed with food. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) the subjects' behavior directly contradicted predictions made by Maslow's hierarchy of needs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">15. Increases in insulin will: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) lower blood sugar and trigger hunger. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) raise blood sugar and trigger hunger. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) lower blood sugar and trigger satiety. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) raise blood sugar and trigger satiety. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">16. The brain area that when stimulated suppresses eating is the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) lateral hypothalamus. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) ventromedial hypothalamus. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) lateral thalamus. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) ventromedial thalamus. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">17. Two rats have escaped from their cages in the neurophysiology lab. The technician needs your help in returning them to their proper cages. One rat is grossly overweight; the other is severely underweight. You confidently state that the overweight rat goes in the “________-destruction” cage, while the underweight rat goes in the “________-destruction” cage. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) hippocampus; amygdala <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) amygdala; hippocampus <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) ventromedial hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamus **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">18. Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus will cause an animal to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) begin eating. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) stop eating. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) become obese. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) begin copulating. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">19. In animals, destruction of the lateral hypothalamus results in ________, whereas destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus results in ________. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) overeating; loss of hunger <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) loss of hunger; overeating **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) an elevated set point; a lowered set point <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) increased thirst; loss of thirst <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">20. I am a protein produced by fat cells and monitored by the hypothalamus. When in abundance, I cause the brain to increase metabolism. What am I? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) PYY <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) ghrelin <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) orexin <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) leptin **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">21. Lucille has been sticking to a strict diet but can't seem to lose weight. What is the most likely explanation for her difficulty? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Her body has a very low set point. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Her pre-diet weight was near her body's set point. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Her weight problem is actually caused by an underlying eating disorder. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Lucille is an “external.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">22. Randy, who has been under a lot of stress lately, has intense cravings for sugary junk foods, which tend to make him feel more relaxed. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for his craving? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Randy feels that he deserves to pamper himself with sweets because of the stress he is under. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) The extra sugar gives Randy the energy he needs to cope with the demands of daily life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Carbohydrates boost levels of serotonin, which has a calming effect. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) The extra sugar tends to lower blood insulin level, which promotes relaxation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">23. Ali's parents have tried hard to minimize their son's exposure to sweet, fattening foods. If Ali has the occasion to taste sweet foods in the future, which of the following is likely: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) He will have a strong aversion to such foods. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) He will have a neutral reaction to sweet foods. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) He will display a preference for sweet tastes. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) It is impossible to predict Ali's reaction. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">24. The text suggests that a neophobia for unfamiliar tastes: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) is more common in children than in adults. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) protected our ancestors from potentially toxic substances. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) may be an early warning sign of an eating disorder. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) only grows stronger with repeated exposure to those tastes. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">25. Bulimia nervosa involves: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) binging. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) purging. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) dramatic weight loss. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) a. and b. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">26. Which of the following is //not// typical of both anorexia and bulimia? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) far more frequent occurrence in women than in men <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) preoccupation with food and fear of being overweight <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) weight significantly and noticeably outside normal ranges **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) low self-esteem and feelings of depression <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">27. Of the following individuals, who might be most prone to developing an eating disorder? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Jason, an adolescent boy who is somewhat overweight and is unpopular with his peers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Jennifer, a teenage girl who has a poor self-image and a fear of not being able to live up to her parents' high standards **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Susan, a 35-year-old woman who is a “workaholic” and devotes most of her energies to her high-pressured career <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Bill, a 40-year-old man who has had problems with alcoholism and is seriously depressed after losing his job of 20 years <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">28. Kathy has been undergoing treatment for bulimia. There is an above-average probability that one or more members of Kathy's family have a problem with: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) high achievement. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) overprotection. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) alcoholism. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">29. Women in ________ rate their body ideals closest to their actual shape. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Western cultures **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) countries such as Africa, where thinness can signal poverty, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) countries such as India, where thinness is not idealized, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Australia, New Zealand, and England <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">30. Which of the following is true concerning eating disorders? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Genetic factors may influence susceptibility. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Cultural pressures for thinness strongly influence teenage girls. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Family background is a significant factor. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) All of the above are true. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">31. Although the cause of eating disorders is still unknown, proposed explanations focus on all of the following //except//: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) metabolic factors. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) genetic factors. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) family background factors. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) cultural factors. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">32. Kinsey's studies of sexual behavior showed that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) males enjoy sex more than females. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) females enjoy sex more than males. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) premarital sex is less common than is popularly believed. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) sexual behavior is enormously varied. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">33. The correct order of the stages of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle is: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) plateau; excitement; orgasm; resolution. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) excitement; plateau; orgasm; resolution. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) excitement; orgasm; resolution; refractory. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) plateau; excitement; orgasm; refractory. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">34. According to Masters and Johnson, the sexual response of males is most likely to differ from that of females during: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the excitement phase. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) the plateau phase. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) orgasm. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) the resolution phase. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">35. Which of the following has been found to be most effective in treating sexual disorders? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) psychoanalysis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) cognitive therapy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) drug therapy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) behavior therapy. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">36. Castration of male rats results in: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) reduced testosterone and sexual interest. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) reduced testosterone, but no change in sexual interest. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) reduced estrogen and sexual interest. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) reduced estrogen, but no change in sexual interest. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">37. Hunger and sexual motivation are alike in that both are influenced by: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) internal physiological factors. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) external and imagined stimuli. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) cultural expectations. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">38. While viewing erotica, men and women differ in the activity levels of which brain area? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) anterior cingulated cortex <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) amygdala **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) occipital lobe <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) temporal lobe <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">39. Of the following parts of the world, teen intercourse rates are highest in: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Western Europe. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Canada. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) the United States. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Asia. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">40. Which of the following was //not// identified as a contributing factor in the high rate of unprotected sex among adolescents? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) alcohol use <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) thrill-seeking **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) mass media sexual norms <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) ignorance <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">41. Which of the following teens is most likely to delay the initiation of sex? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Jack, who has below-average intelligence <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Jason, who is not religiously active <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Ron, who regularly volunteers his time in community service **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) it is impossible to predict <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">42. Sexual orientation refers to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) a person's tendency to display behaviors typical of males or females. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) a person's sense of identity as a male or female. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) a person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of a particular gender. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">43. Which of the following is //not// true regarding sexual orientation? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Sexual orientation is neither willfully chosen nor willfully changed. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Most people accept their orientation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Men's sexual orientation is potentially more fluid and changeable than women's. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Women, regardless of sexual orientation, respond to both female and male erotic stimuli. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">44. Summarizing his presentation on the origins of homosexuality, Dennis explains that the “fraternal birth-order effect” refers to the fact that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) men who have younger brothers are somewhat more likely to be gay. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to be gay. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) women with older sisters are somewhat more likely to be gay. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) women with younger sisters are somewhat more likely to be gay. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">45. Which of the following statements concerning homosexuality is true? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Homosexuals have abnormal hormone levels. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) As children, most homosexuals were molested by an adult homosexual. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Homosexuals had a domineering opposite-sex parent. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) New research indicates that sexual orientation may be at least partly physiological. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">46. Some scientific evidence makes a preliminary link between homosexuality and: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) late sexual maturation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) the age of an individual's first erotic experience. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) atypical prenatal hormones. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) early problems in relationships with parents. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">47. Exposure of a fetus to the hormones typical of females between ________ and ________ months after conception may predispose the developing human to become attracted to males. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) 1; 3 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) 2; 5 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) 4; 7 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) 6; 9 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">48. It has been said that the body's major sex organ is the brain. With regard to sex education: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) transmission of value-free information about the wide range of sexual behaviors should be the primary focus of the educator. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) transmission of technical knowledge about the biological act should be the classroom focus, free from the personal values and attitudes of researchers, teachers, and students. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) the home, not the school, should be the focus of all instruction about reproductive behavior. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) people's attitudes, values, and morals cannot be separated from the biological aspects of sexuality. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">49. Summarizing her report on the need to belong, Rolanda states that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) “Cooperation amongst our ancestors was uncommon.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) “Social bonding is not in our nature; it is a learned human trait.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) “Because bonding with others increased our ancestors' success at reproduction and survival, it became part of our biological nature.” **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) both a. and b. are true. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">50. When asked what makes life meaningful, most people first mention: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) good health. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) challenging work. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) satisfying relationships. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) serving others. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">51. One research study found that having an e-mail go unanswered, and other forms of ostracism, elicit increased activity in the brain's: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) amygdala. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) frontal lobe. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) cerebellum. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) anterior cingulated cortex. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">52. Which of the following individuals would be characterized as experiencing “flow”? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Sheila, who, despite viewing her work as merely a job, performs her work conscientiously <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Larry, who sees his work as an artist as a calling <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Darren, who views his present job as merely a stepping stone in his career <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Montal, who often becomes so immersed in his writing that he loses all sense of self and time **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">53. Dr. Iverson conducts research focusing on how management styles influence worker motivation. Dr. Iverson would most accurately be described as a(n): <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) motivation psychologist. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) personnel psychologist. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) organizational psychologist. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) human factors psychologist. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">54. Which of the following was //not// identified as a contributing factor in the interviewer illusion? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) The fact that interviews reveal applicants' intentions but not necessarily their habitual behaviors. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) The tendency of interviewers to think that interview behavior only reflects applicants' enduring traits. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) The tendency of interviewers to more often follow the successful careers of applicants they hired rather than those who were not hired. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) The tendency of most interviewers to rely on unstructured rather than structured interviews. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">55. Which of the following is //not// an aspect of Murray's definition of achievement motivation? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the desire to master skills <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) the desire for control <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) the desire to gain approval **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) the desire to attain a high standard <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">56. Because Alethea is very friendly and likable, her supervisor gives her a positive rating on her overall job performance. By generalizing from these specific traits to a biased overall evaluation, Alethea's supervisor has committed a: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) leniency error. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) severity error. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) halo error. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) recency error. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">57. In order to predict future excellence in a young scholar, athlete, or artist, one would best examine the individual's: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) preparation and daily discipline. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) natural talent. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) peer group. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) home environment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">58. To increase employee productivity, industrial-organizational psychologists advise managers to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) adopt a directive leadership style. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) adopt a democratic leadership style. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) instill competitiveness in each employee. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) deal with employees according to their individual motives. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">59. For as long as she has been the plant manager, Juanita has welcomed input from employees and has delegated authority. Bill, manages his department, with a more authoritarian, iron-fisted approach. Juanita's style is one of ________ leadership, whereas Bill's is one of ________ leadership. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) task; social <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) social; task **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) directive; democratic <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) democratic; participative <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">60. Rosa has been described as a “leader with a lot of charisma.” An organizational psychologist would say that this means she: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) has a clear vision of her leadership goals. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) is able to communicate her goals clearly and simply. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) is able to inspire others. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) possesses all of the above characteristics. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Emotion: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">1. Emotions consist of which of the following components? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) physiological reactions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) behavioral expressions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) conscious feelings. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2. You are on your way to school to take a big exam. Suddenly, on noticing that your pulse is racing and that you are sweating, you feel nervous. With which theory of emotion is this experience most consistent? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Cannon-Bard theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) James-Lange theory **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) relative deprivation theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) adaptation-level theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">3. Which theory of emotion emphasizes the simultaneous experience of body response and emotional feeling? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) James-Lange theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Cannon-Bard theory **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) two-factor theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) valence theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">4. The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time as the body's physical reaction. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) emotional experiences are based on an awareness of the body's responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) emotional ups and downs tend to balance in the long run. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">5. Schachter's two-factor theory emphasizes that emotion involves both: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) verbal and nonverbal expression. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) physical arousal and a cognitive label. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) universal and culture-specific aspects. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">6. After hitting a grand-slam home run, Mike noticed that his heart was pounding. Later that evening, after nearly having a collision while driving on the freeway, Mike again noticed that his heart was pounding. That he interpreted this reaction as fear, rather than as ecstasy, can best be explained by the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) James-Lange theory. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Cannon-Bard theory. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) two-factor theory. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) adaptation-level theory. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">7. Which theory of emotion implies that every emotion is associated with a unique physiological reaction? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) James-Lange theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Cannon-Bard theory **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) two-factor theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) valence theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">8. Which of the following most accurately describes emotional arousal? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Emotions prepare the body to fight or flee. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Emotions are voluntary reactions to emotion-arousing stimuli. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Because all emotions have the same physiological basis, emotions are primarily psychological events. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Emotional arousal is always accompanied by cognition. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">9. In an emergency situation, emotional arousal will result in: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) increased rate of respiration. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) increased blood sugar. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) a slowing of digestion. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">10. After Brenda scolded her brother for forgetting to pick her up from school, the physical arousal that had accompanied her anger diminished. Which division of her nervous system mediated her physical //relaxation//? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) sympathetic division <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) parasympathetic division **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) skeletal division <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) peripheral nervous system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">11. Which division of the nervous system is especially involved in bringing about emotional arousal? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) somatic nervous system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) peripheral nervous system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) sympathetic nervous system **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) parasympathetic nervous system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">12. The body's response to danger is triggered by the release of ________ by the ________ gland(s). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) acetylcholine; adrenal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) epinephrine and norepinephrine; adrenal  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) acetylcholine; pituitary <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) epinephrine and norepinephrine; pituitary <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">13. A relatively high level of arousal would be most likely to facilitate: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) remembering the lines of a play. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) shooting free throws in basketball. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) sprinting 100 meters. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) taking a final exam in introductory psychology. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">14. Which of the following is correct regarding the relationship between arousal and performance? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Generally, performance is optimal when arousal is low. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Generally, performance is optimal when arousal is high. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) On easy tasks, performance is optimal when arousal is low. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) On easy tasks, performance is optimal when arousal is high. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">15. A student participating in an experiment concerned with physical responses that accompany emotions reports that her mouth is dry, her heart is racing, and she feels flushed. Can the emotion she is experiencing be determined? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Yes, it is anger. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Yes, it is fear. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Yes, it is ecstasy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) No, it cannot be determined from the information given. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">16. Concerning emotions and their accompanying body responses, which of the following appears to be true? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Each emotion has its own body response and underlying brain circuit. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) All emotions involve the same body response as a result of the same underlying brain circuit. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Many emotions involve similar body responses but have different underlying brain circuits. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) All emotions have the same underlying brain circuits but different body responses. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">17. Nine-month-old Nicole's left frontal lobe is more active than her right frontal lobe. We can expect that, all other things being equal, Nicole: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) may suffer from mild depression for most of her life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) may have trouble “turning off” upsetting feelings later in her life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) may be more cheerful than those with more active right frontal lobes. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) may have trouble expressing feelings later in her life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">18. Julio was extremely angry when he came in for a routine EEG of his brain activity. When he later told this to the doctor, she was no longer concerned about the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) increased electrical activity in Julio's right hemisphere. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) increased electrical activity in Julio's left hemisphere. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) decreased electrical activity in Julio's amygdala. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) increased electrical activity in Julio's amygdala. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">19. When the scientist electrically stimulated one area of a monkey's brain, the monkey became enraged. When another electrode was activated, the monkey cowered in fear. The electrodes were most likely implanted in the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) pituitary gland. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) adrenal glands. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) limbic system. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) right hemisphere. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">20. Electrical stimulation of which brain region can produce terror or rage in cats? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) limbic system **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) hypothalamus <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) cortex <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) cerebellum <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">21. In laboratory experiments, fear and joy: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) result in an increase in heart rate. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) stimulate different facial muscles. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) increase heart rate and stimulate different facial muscles. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) result in a decrease in heart rate. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">22. People who are exuberant and persistently cheerful show increased activity in the brain's ________, which is rich in receptors for the neurotransmitter ________. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) right frontal lobe; dopamine <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) left frontal lobe; dopamine  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) amygdala; serotonin <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) thalamus; serotonin <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">23. Which of the following was //not// raised as a criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) The body's responses are too similar to trigger the various emotions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Emotional reactions occur before the body's responses can take place. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) The cognitive activity of the cortex plays a role in the emotions we experience. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) People with spinal cord injuries at the neck typically experience less emotion. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">24. Two years ago Maria was in an automobile accident in which her spinal cord was severed, leaving her paralyzed from her neck down. Today, Maria finds that she experiences emotions less intensely than she did before her accident. This tends to support which theory of emotion? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) James-Lange theory **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Cannon-Bard theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) adaptation-level theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) relative deprivation theory <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">25. In the Schachter-Singer experiment, which college men reported feeling an emotional change in the presence of the experimenter's highly emotional confederate? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) those receiving epinephrine and expecting to feel physical arousal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) those receiving a placebo and expecting to feel physical arousal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) those receiving epinephrine but not expecting to feel physical arousal **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) those receiving a placebo and not expecting to feel physical arousal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">26. Which of the following was //not// presented in the text as evidence that some emotional reactions involve no deliberate, rational thinking? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Some of the neural pathways involved in emotion are separate from those involved in thinking and memory. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Emotional reactions are sometimes quicker than our interpretations of a situation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) People can develop an emotional preference for visual stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Arousal of the sympathetic nervous system will trigger an emotional reaction even when artificially induced by an injection of epinephrine. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">27. Who will probably be angrier after getting a parking ticket? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Bob, who has just awakened from a nap <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Veronica, who has just finished eating a big lunch <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Dan, who has just completed a tennis match **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Alicia, who has been reading a romantic novel <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">28. Several studies have shown that physical arousal can intensify just about any emotion. For example, when people who have been physically aroused by exercise are insulted, they often misattribute their arousal to the insult. This finding illustrates the importance of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) cognitive labels of arousal in the conscious experience of emotions. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) a minimum level of arousal in triggering emotional experiences. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) the simultaneous occurrence of physical arousal and cognitive labeling in emotional experience. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">29. (Thinking Critically) The polygraph measures: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) lying. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) brain rhythms. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) chemical changes in the body. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) physiological indexes of arousal. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">30. (Thinking Critically) Current estimates are that the polygraph is inaccurate approximately ________ of the time. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) three-fourths <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) one-half <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) one-third **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) one-fourth <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">31. (Thinking Critically) Many psychologists are opposed to the use of lie detectors because: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) they represent an invasion of a person's privacy and could easily be used for unethical purposes. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) there are often serious discrepancies among the various indicators such as perspiration and heart rate. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) polygraphs cannot distinguish the various possible causes of arousal. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) they are accurate only about 50 percent of the time. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">32. As part of her job interview, Jan is asked to take a lie-detector test. Jan politely refuses and points out that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) a guilty person can be found innocent by the polygraph. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) an innocent person can be found guilty. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) these tests err one-third of the time. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above are true. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">33. Evidence that changes in facial expression can directly affect people's feelings and body states has convinced Robert Zajonc that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the heart is always subject to the mind. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) emotional reactions involve deliberate rational thinking. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) cognition is not necessary for emotion. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) the interpretation of facial expressions is a learned skill. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">34. Law enforcement officials sometimes use a lie detector to assess a suspect's responses to details of the crime believed to be known only to the perpetrator. This is known as the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) inductive approach. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) deductive approach. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) guilty knowledge test. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) screening examination. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">35. Research on nonverbal communication has revealed that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) it is easy to hide your emotions by controlling your facial expressions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) facial expressions tend to be the same the world over, while gestures vary from culture to culture. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) most authentic expressions last between 7 and 10 seconds. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) most gestures have universal meanings; facial expressions vary from culture to culture. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">36. Which of the following is true regarding gestures and facial expressions? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Gestures are universal; facial expressions, culture-specific. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Facial expressions are universal; gestures, culture-specific. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Both gestures and facial expressions are universal. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Both gestures and facial expressions are culture-specific. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">37. I am an emotionally literate person who is very accurate at reading others' nonverbal behavior, detecting lies, and describing my feelings. Who am I? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) an introvert <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) an extrovert <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) a woman **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) a man <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">38. Children in New York, Nigeria, and New Zealand smile when they are happy and frown when they are sad. This suggests that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the Cannon-Bard theory is correct. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) some emotional expressions are learned at a very early age. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) the two-factor theory is correct. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) facial expressions of emotion are universal and biologically determined. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">39. With regard to emotions, Darwin believed that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) the expression of emotions helped our ancestors to survive. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) all humans express basic emotions using similar facial expressions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) human facial expressions of emotion retain elements of animals' emotional displays. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above are true. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">40. Who is the //least// likely to display negative emotions openly? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Paul, a game warden in Australia <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Niles, a stockbroker in Belgium <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Deborah, a physicist in Toronto <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Yoko, a dentist in Japan  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">41. In cultures that emphasize social interdependence: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) emotional displays are typically intense. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) emotional displays are typically prolonged. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) negative emotions are rarely displayed. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above are true. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">42. The candidate stepped before the hostile audience, panic written all over his face. It is likely that the candidate's facial expression caused him to experience: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) a lessening of his fear. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) an intensification of his fear. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) a surge of digestive enzymes in his body. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) increased body temperature. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">43. Izard believes that there are ________ basic emotions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) 3 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) 5 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) 7 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) 10  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">44. Margaret is a finalist in the U.S. Ice Skating Championship. She is very excited about the competition and is feeling energized. More than likely, the two dimensions of her current emotion would be a ________ and ________. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) positive valence; low arousal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) negative valence; low arousal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) positive valence; high arousal **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) negative valence; high arousal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">45. Most human fears are: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) universal. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) biologically determined. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) present at birth. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) learned. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">46. For which of the following fears do humans appear to be biologically prepared? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) fear of electricity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) fear of cliffs  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) fear of flowers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) fear of flying <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">47. In studying what makes people angry, James Averill found that most people become angry: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) once a day. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) once a week. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) several times a week. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) several times a month. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">48. Expressing anger can be adaptive when you: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) retaliate immediately. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) have mentally rehearsed all the reasons for your anger. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) count to 10, then blow off steam. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) first wait until the anger subsides, then deal with the situation in a civil manner. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">49. Jane was so mad at her brother that she exploded at him when he entered her room. That she felt less angry afterward is best explained by the principle of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) adaptation level. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) physiological arousal. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) relative deprivation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) catharsis. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">50. Concerning the catharsis hypothesis, which of the following is true? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Expressing anger can be temporarily calming if it does not leave one feeling guilty or anxious. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) The arousal that accompanies unexpressed anger never dissipates. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Expressing one's anger always calms one down. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Psychologists agree that under no circumstances is catharsis beneficial. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">51. Catharsis will be most effective in reducing anger toward another person if: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) you wait until you are no longer angry before confronting the person. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) the target of your anger is someone you feel has power over you. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) your anger is directed specifically toward the person who angered you. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) the other person is able to retaliate by also expressing anger. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">52. As elderly Mr. Hooper crosses the busy intersection, he stumbles and drops the packages he is carrying. Which passerby is most likely to help Mr. Hooper? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) Drew, who has been laid off from work for three months <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Leon, who is on his way to work <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Bonnie, who graduated from college the day before **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) Nancy, whose father recently passed away <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">53. Research indicates that a person is most likely to be helpful to others if he or she: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) is feeling guilty about something. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) is happy. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) recently received help from another person. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) recently offered help to another person. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">54. A graph depicting the course of positive emotions over the hours of the day since waking would: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) start low and rise steadily until bedtime. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) start high and decrease steadily until bedtime. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) remain at a stable, moderate level throughout the day. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) rise over the early hours and dissipate during the day's last several hours. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">55. Research suggests that people generally experience the greatest well-being when they strive for: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) wealth. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) modest income increases from year to year. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) slightly higher status than their friends, neighbors, and coworkers. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) intimacy and personal growth. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">56. When Professor Simon acquired a spacious new office, he was overjoyed. Six months later, however, he was taking the office for granted. His behavior illustrates the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) relative deprivation principle. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) adaptation-level phenomenon. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) valence theory. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) optimum arousal principle. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">57. When students studied others who were worse off than themselves, they felt greater satisfaction with their own lives. This is an example of the principle of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) relative deprivation. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) adaptation level. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) behavioral contrast. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) opponent processes. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">58. Cindy was happy with her promotion until she found out that Janice, who has the same amount of experience, receives a higher salary. Cindy's feelings are //best// explained according to the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) adaptation-level phenomenon. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) valence theory. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) catharsis hypothesis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) principle of relative deprivation. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">59. Which of the following is true regarding happiness? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) People with more education tend to be happier. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) Beautiful people tend to be happier than plain people. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) Women tend to be happier than men. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) People who are socially outgoing or who exercise regularly tend to be happier. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">60. Which of these factors have researchers //not// found to correlate with happiness? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A) a satisfying marriage or close friendship <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) high self-esteem <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">C) religious faith <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">D) education  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  || ||
 * || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">1. Motivation is best understood as a state that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">
 * || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">1. Motivation is best understood as a state that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">