06.+Learning+Content

neurons cluster into work groups called neural networks. The brain learns by modifying certain connections in response to feedback.
 * neural networks:**

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking).
 * aversive conditioning:**

an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior. A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats.
 * token economy:**

a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned response (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus.
 * classical conditioning:**

a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
 * systematic desensitization:**

in classical conditioning, the learned response to previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS)
 * conditioned response (CR):**

in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response
 * conditioned stimulus (CS):**

the unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) such as salivation when food is in the mouth
 * unconditioned respose (UCR):**

a stimulus that unconditionally, naturally and automatically, triggers a response.
 * unconditioned stimulus (UCS):**

a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning.
 * counterconditioning:**

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened or diminished if followed by punishment
 * operant conditioning:**

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning
 * respondent behavior:**

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
 * law of effect:**

in classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal unconditioned stimulus
 * discrimination:**

the tendency once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar response
 * generalization:**

the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an UCS does not follow a CS; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
 * extinction:**