12.+Abnormal+Psychology

Abnormal Psychology 1. Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior? A) Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent. B) A behavior cannot be defined as abnormal unless it is considered harmful to society. C) Abnormal behavior can be defined as any behavior that is distressful. D) Definitions of abnormal behavior are based on physiological factors. 2. The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered: A) vary from culture to culture. B) vary from time to time. C) are characterized by both a. and b. D) have remained largely unchanged over the course of history. 3. Behavior is classified as disordered when it is: A) deviant. B) distressful. C) dysfunctional. D) all of the above. 4. (Thinking Critically) Thirteen-year-old Ronald constantly fidgets in his seat at school, frequently blurts out answers without being called, and is extremely distractible. A psychiatrist might diagnose Ronald with: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) bipolar disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) panic disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) obsessive-compulsive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">5. Our early ancestors commonly attributed disordered behavior to: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) “bad blood.” <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) evil spirits. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) brain injury. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) laziness. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">6. The French reformer who insisted that madness was not demon possession and who called for humane treatment of patients was: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) Nadel. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) Freud. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) Szasz. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) Pinel. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">7. Which of the following is true of the medical model? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) In recent years, it has been in large part discredited. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) It views psychological disorders as sicknesses that are diagnosable and treatable. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) It emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disorders over that of physiological factors. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) It focuses on cognitive factors. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">8. Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) are usually genetically triggered. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) are organic diseases. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) are the product of learning. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">9. The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for the ________ model of psychological disorders. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) medical <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) biopsychosocial <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) social-cultural <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) psychoanalytic <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">10. Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as ________, are universal, whereas others, such as ________, are culture-bound. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) schizophrenia; depression <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) depression; schizophrenia <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) antisocial personality; neurosis <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) depression; anorexia nervosa <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">11. Many psychologists dislike using DSM-IV because of its: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) failure to emphasize observable behaviors in the diagnostic process. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) learning theory bias. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) medical model bias. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) psychoanalytic bias. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">12. The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) is unknown. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) depends on the age of the patient. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) is very low. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) is relatively high. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">13. (Thinking Critically) The term //insanity// refers to: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) legal definitions. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) psychotic disorders only. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) personality disorders only. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) both psychotic disorders and personality disorders. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">14. Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is //not// true? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) Labels promote research studies of psychological disorders. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) Labels may create preconceptions that bias people's perceptions. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) Labels may influence behavior by creating self-fulfilling prophecies. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">15. Phobias and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are classified as: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) anxiety disorders. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) mood disorders. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) dissociative disorders. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) personality disorders. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">16. Sharon is continually tense, jittery, and apprehensive for no specific reason. She would probably be diagnosed as suffering a(n): <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) phobia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) major depressive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) generalized anxiety disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">17. Irene occasionally experiences unpredictable episodes of intense dread accompanied by chest pains and a sensation of smothering. Since her symptoms have no apparent cause, they would probably be classified as indicative of: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) bipolar disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) post-traumatic stress disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) panic attack. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">18. Joe has an intense, irrational fear of snakes. He is suffering from a(n): <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) generalized anxiety disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) phobia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) mood disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">19. Jason is so preoccupied with staying clean that he showers as many as 10 times each day. Jason would be diagnosed as suffering from a(n): <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) dissociative disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) generalized anxiety disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) personality disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) obsessive-compulsive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">20. Although she escaped from war-torn Bosnia two years ago, Zheina still has haunting memories and nightmares. Because she is also severely depressed, her therapist diagnoses her condition as: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) dissociative identity disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) bipolar disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) post-traumatic stress disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">21. The psychoanalytic perspective would most likely view phobias as: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) conditioned fears. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) biological predispositions. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) manifestations of self-defeating thoughts. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">22. Julia's psychologist believes that Julia's fear of heights can be traced to a conditioned fear she developed after falling from a ladder. This explanation reflects a ______ perspective. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) medical <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) psychoanalytic <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) social-cognitive <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) learning <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">23. Before he can study, Rashid must arrange his books, pencils, paper, and other items on his desk so that they are “just so.” The campus counselor suggests that Rashid's compulsive behavior may help alleviate his anxiety about failing in school, which reinforces the compulsive actions. This explanation of obsessive-compulsive behavior is most consistent with which perspective? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) learning <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) psychoanalytic <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) humanistic <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) social-cognitive <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">24. After falling from a ladder, Joseph is afraid of airplanes, although he has never flown. This demonstrates that some fears arise from: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) observational learning. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) reinforcement. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) stimulus generalization. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) stimulus discrimination. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">25. To which of the following is a person //most// likely to acquire a phobia? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) heights <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) being in public <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) being dirty <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) All of the above are equally likely. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">26. Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been subjected to the evolutionary process? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to our species' survival. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) It is easier to condition some fears than others. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) All of the above provide evidence. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">27. Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) Identical twins often develop similar phobias. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) PET scans of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal unusually high activity in an area of the frontal lobes. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) Drugs that dampen fear-circuit activity in the amygdala also alleviate OCD. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) All of the above were presented. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">28. Dr. Jekyll, whose second personality was Mr. Hyde, had a(n) ________ disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) anxiety <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) dissociative <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) mood <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) personality <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">29. As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not living up to her expectations. This criticism was always followed by a beating with a whip. As an adult, Monica is generally introverted and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more like a young child, throwing tantrums if she doesn't get her way. At other times, she is a flirting, happy-go-lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is suffering from: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) a phobia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) dissociative schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) dissociative identity disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) bipolar disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">30. (Thinking Critically) Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) a genuine disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) merely role-playing. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) a disorder that cannot be explained according to the learning perspective. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) both a. and c. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">31. (Thinking Critically) Psychoanalytic and learning theorists both agree that dissociative and anxiety disorders are symptoms that represent the person's attempt to deal with: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) unconscious conflicts. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) anxiety. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) unfulfilled wishes. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) unpleasant responsibilities. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">32. Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) depression <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) schizophrenia <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) bipolar disorder <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) generalized anxiety disorder <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">33. For the past six months, a woman has complained of feeling isolated from others, dissatisfied with life, and discouraged about the future. This woman could be diagnosed as suffering from: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) bipolar disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) major depressive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) generalized anxiety disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) dissociative disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">34. On Monday, Matt felt optimistic, energetic, and on top of the world. On Tuesday, he felt hopeless and lethargic, and thought that the future looked very grim. Matt would //most// likely be diagnosed as having: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) bipolar disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) major depressive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) panic disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">35. In general, women are more vulnerable than men to: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) active disorders such as anxiety. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) passive disorders such as depression. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) active disorders such as antisocial conduct. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) passive disorders such as alcohol abuse. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">36. Which of the following is //not// true concerning depression? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) Depression is more common in females than in males. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) Most depressive episodes last less than 3 months. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) Most people recover from depression without professional therapy. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">37. Connie's therapist has suggested that her depression stems from unresolved anger toward her parents. Evidently, Connie's therapist is working within the ________ perspective. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) learning <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) social-cognitive <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) biological <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) psychoanalytic <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">38. According to psychoanalytic theory, memory of losses, especially in combination with internalized anger, is likely to result in: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) learned helplessness. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) the self-serving bias. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) weak ego defense mechanisms. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) depression. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">39. In treating depression, a psychiatrist would probably prescribe a drug that would: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) increase levels of acetylcholine. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) decrease levels of dopamine. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) increase levels of norepinephrine. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) decrease levels of serotonin. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">40. Which neurotransmitter is present in overabundant amounts during the manic phase of bipolar disorder? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) dopamine <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) serotonin <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) epinephrine <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) norepinephrine <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">41. Alicia's doctor, who thinks that Alicia's depression has a biochemical cause, prescribes a drug that: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) reduces norepinephrine. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) increases norepinephrine. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) reduces serotonin. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) increases acetylcholine. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">42. According to the social-cognitive perspective, a person who experiences unexpected aversive events may develop helplessness and manifest a(n): <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) dissociative disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) personality disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) mood disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">43. Social-cognitive theorists contend that depression is linked with: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) negative moods. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) maladaptive explanations of failure. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) self-defeating beliefs. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) all of the above. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">44. Ken's therapist suggested that his depression is a result of his self-defeating thoughts and negative assumptions about himself, his situation, and his future. Evidently, Ken's therapist is working within the ________ perspective. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) learning <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) social-cognitive <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) biological <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) psychoanalytic <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">45. Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly due to the fact that when stressful experiences occur: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) women tend to act, while men tend to think. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) women tend to think, while men tend to act. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) women tend to distract themselves by drinking, while men tend to delve into their work. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) women tend to delve into their work, while men tend to distract themselves by drinking. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">46. Claiming that she heard a voice commanding her to warn other people that eating is harmful, Sandy attempts to convince others in a restaurant not to eat. The psychiatrist to whom she is referred finds that Sandy's thinking and speech are often fragmented and incoherent. In addition, Sandy has an unreasonable fear that someone is “out to get her” and consequently trusts no one. Her condition is most indicative of: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) generalized anxiety disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) a phobia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) obsessive-compulsive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">47. Which of the following is //not// a symptom of schizophrenia? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) inappropriate emotions <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) disturbed perceptions <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) panic attacks <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) disorganized thinking <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">48. Hearing voices would be a(n) ________; believing that you are Napoleon would be a(n) ________. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) obsession; compulsion <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) compulsion; obsession <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) delusion; hallucination <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) hallucination; delusion <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">49. Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) smell. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) vision. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) hearing. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) touch. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">50. Many psychologists believe the disorganized thoughts of people with schizophrenia result from a breakdown in: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) selective attention. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) memory storage. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) motivation. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) memory retrieval. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">51. When schizophrenia is slow to develop, called ________ schizophrenia, recovery is ________. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) reactive; unlikely <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) process; likely <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) process; unlikely <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) reactive; likely <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">52. The effect of drugs that block receptors for dopamine is to: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) alleviate schizophrenia symptoms. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) alleviate depression. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) increase schizophrenia symptoms. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) increase depression. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">53. Wayne's doctor attempts to help Wayne by prescribing a drug that blocks receptors for dopamine. Wayne has apparently been diagnosed with: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) a mood disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) an anxiety disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) a personality disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">54. Which of the following is //not// true regarding schizophrenia? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) It occurs more frequently in people born in winter and spring months. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) It occurs less frequently as infectious disease rates have declined. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) It usually appears during adolescence or early adulthood. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">55. Research evidence links the brain abnormalities of schizophrenia to ________ during prenatal development. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) maternal stress <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) a viral infection contracted <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) abnormal levels of certain hormones <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) the weight of the unborn child <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">56. Among the following, which is generally accepted as a possible cause of schizophrenia? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) an excess of endorphins in the brain <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) being a twin <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) extensive learned helplessness <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) a genetic predisposition <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">57. Janet, whose class presentation is titled “Current Views on the Causes of Schizophrenia,” concludes her talk with the statement: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) “Schizophrenia is caused by intolerable stress.” <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) “Schizophrenia is inherited.” <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) “Genes may predispose some people to react to particular experiences by developing schizophrenia.” <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) “As of this date, schizophrenia is completely unpredictable and its causes are unknown.” <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">58. The early warning signs of schizophrenia, based on studies of high-risk children, include all but which of the following? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) having a severely schizophrenic mother <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) having been separated from parents <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) having a short attention span <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) having matured physically at a very early age <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">59. Bob has never been able to keep a job. He's been in and out of jail for charges such as theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would most likely be diagnosed as having: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) a dissociative identity disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) major depressive disorder. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) an antisocial personality. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">60. When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an antisocial disorder, as compared to normal people, show: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">A) less fear and greater arousal of the autonomic nervous system. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">B) less fear and less autonomic arousal. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">C) greater fear and greater autonomic arousal. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">D) greater fear and less autonomic arousal.
 * Section XI: **