09.+Developmental+Psychology+Questions

__Sample Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers: __ 1. Dr. Joan Goodman is studying how memory changes as people get older. She is most likely a(n) psychologist. A) social B) cognitive **C) developmental ** D) experimental

2. Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development? A) zygote, fetus, embryo **B) zygote, embryo, fetus ** C) embryo, zygote, fetus D) embryo, fetus, zygote

3. A child can be born a drug addict because: **A) drugs used by the mother will pass into the child's bloodstream. ** B) addiction is an inherited personality trait. C) drugs used by the mother create genetic defects in her chromosomes. D) the fetus's blood has not yet developed a resistance to drugs.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">4. A child whose mother drank heavily when she was pregnant is at heightened risk of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) being emotionally excitable during childhood. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) becoming insecurely attached. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">**C) being born with the physical and cognitive abnormalities of fetal alcohol syndrome.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) addiction to a range of drugs throughout life.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">5. The rooting reflex occurs when a: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) newborn's foot is tickled. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">B) newborn's cheek is touched. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) newborn hears a loud noise. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) newborn makes eye contact with his or her caregiver.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">6. When psychologists discuss maturation, they are referring to stages of growth that are not influenced by: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) conservation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) nature. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) continuity.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) nurture. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">7. Calvin, who is trying to impress his psychology professor with his knowledge of infant motor development, asks why some infants learn to roll over before they lift their heads from a prone position, while others develop these skills in the opposite order. What should Calvin's professor conclude from this question? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Calvin clearly understands that the sequence of motor development is not the same for all infants. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Calvin needs to be reminded that rolling over is an inherited reflex, not a learned skill. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) Calvin understands an important principle: motor development is unpredictable.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Calvin doesn't know what he's talking about. Although some infants reach these developmental milestones ahead of others, the order is the same for all infants. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">8. Research findings on infant motor development are consistent with the idea that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) cognitive development lags significantly behind motor skills development. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) in the absence of relevant earlier learning experiences, the emergence of motor skills will be slowed. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) in humans, the process of maturation may be significantly altered by cultural factors.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) maturation of physical skills is relatively unaffected by experience. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">9. Most people's earliest memories do not predate of age. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) 6 months <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) 1 year <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) 2 years
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) 3 years **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">10. Before Piaget, people were more likely to believe that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) children think about the world in radically different ways from adults. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) the child's mind develops through a series of stages. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) children interpret their experiences in terms of their current understandings.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) the child's mind is a miniature model of the adult's. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">11. Which is the correct sequence of stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">12. During which stage of cognitive development do children acquire object permanence? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) preoperational <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) concrete operational <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) formal operational
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) sensorimotor **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">13. I am 14 months old and fearful of strangers. I am in Piaget's stage of cognitive development. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) preoperational <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) concrete operational <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) formal operational
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) sensorimotor **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">14. As a child observes, liquid is transferred from a tall, thin tube into a short, wide jar. The child is asked if there is now less liquid in order to determine if she has mastered: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) the schema for liquids. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) the concept of object permanence. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) the ability to reason abstractly.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) the concept of conservation. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">15. Piaget held that egocentrism is characteristic of the: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) sensorimotor stage. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) concrete operational stage. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) formal operational stage.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) preoperational stage. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">16. I am 3 years old, can use language, and have trouble taking another person's perspective. I am in Piaget's stage of cognitive development. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) sensorimotor <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) concrete operational <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) formal operational
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) preoperational **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">17. Four-year-old Jamail has a younger sister. When asked if he has a sister, he is likely to answer ; when asked if his sister has a brother, Jamail is likely to answer. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) yes; yes <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) no; no <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) no; yes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) yes; no **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">18. In Piaget's theory, conservation is to egocentrism as the stage is to the stage. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) sensorimotor; formal operational <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) formal operational; sensorimotor <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) preoperational; sensorimotor
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) concrete operational; preoperational **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">19. Compared to when he was younger, 4-year-old Antonio is better able to empathize with his friend's feelings. This growing ability to take another's perspective indicates that Antonio is acquiring a: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) self-concept. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) schema. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) temperament.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) theory of mind. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">20. In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) deduction. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) attachment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) object permanence.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) conservation. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">21. Thirteen-year-old Irene has no trouble defeating her 11-year-old brother at a detective game that requires following clues in order to deduce the perpetrator of a crime. How might Piaget explain Irene's superiority at the game? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Being older, Irene has had more years of schooling. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Girls develop intellectually at a faster rate than boys. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) Girls typically have more experience than boys at playing games.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Being an adolescent, Irene is beginning to develop abstract reasoning skills. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">22. According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about abstract propositions is indicative of the stage of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) preoperational thought. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) concrete operations. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) fluid intelligence.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) formal operations. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">23. Stranger anxiety develops soon after: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) the concept of conservation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) egocentrism. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) a theory of mind.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) the concept of object permanence. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">24. Harlow's studies of attachment in monkeys showed that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) provision of nourishment was the single most important factor motivating attachment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) whether a cloth or wire mother was present mattered less than the presence or absence of other infants. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) attachment in monkeys is based on imprinting.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) a cloth mother produced the greatest attachment response. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">25. In a 1998 movie, a young girl finds that a gaggle of geese follows her wherever she goes because she was the first “object” they saw after they were born. This is an example of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) conservation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) egocentrism. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) basic trust.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) imprinting. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">26. The term //critical period// refers to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) prenatal development. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) the initial 2 hours after a child's birth. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) the preoperational stage.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) a restricted time for learning. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">27. Insecurely attached infants who are left by their mothers in an unfamiliar setting often will: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) hold fast to their mothers on their return. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) explore the new surroundings confidently. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) display little emotion at any time.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) be indifferent toward their mothers on their return. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">28. Joshua and Ann Bishop have a 13-month-old boy. According to Erikson, the Bishops' sensitive, loving care of their child contributes to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) the child's secure attachment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) the child's sense of control. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) a. and b. only.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) the child's sense of basic trust. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">29. The developmental theorist who suggested that securely attached children develop an attitude of basic trust is: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Piaget. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Harlow. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Vygotsky.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) Erikson. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">30. Which of the following was not found by Harlow in socially deprived monkeys? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) They had difficulty mating. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) They showed extreme fear or aggression when first seeing other monkeys. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) The females were abusive mothers.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) They showed abnormal physical development. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">31. Adolescence is marked by the onset of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) an identity crisis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) parent-child conflict. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) the concrete operational stage.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) puberty. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">32. The average age at which puberty begins is in boys; in girls, it is. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) 14; 13 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) 11; 10 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) 10; 9
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) 13; 11 **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">33. Among the hallmarks of growing up are a boy's first ejaculation and a girl's first menstrual period, which is also called: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) puberty <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) menopause. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) generativity.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) menarche. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">34. Based on the text discussion of maturation and popularity, who among the following is probably the most popular sixth grader? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Jessica, the most physically mature girl in the class <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Roger, the most intellectually mature boy in the class <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) Cindy, who is average in physical development and is on the school debating team
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Rob, the tallest, most physically mature boy in the class **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">35. Which of the following is correct? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social advantage. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Early-maturing girls are more popular and self-assured than girls who mature late. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social disadvantage.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) Early-maturing boys are more popular and self-assured than boys who mature late. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">36. Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Erikson <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Piaget <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Harlow
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) Kohlberg **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">37. To which of Kohlberg's levels would moral reasoning based on the existence of fundamental human rights pertain? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) preconventional morality <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) conventional morality <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) generative morality
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) postconventional morality **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">38. Sam, a junior in high school, regularly attends church because his family and friends think he should. Which stage of moral reasoning is Sam in? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) preconventional <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) postconventional <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) too little information to tell
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) conventional **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">39. In preconventional morality, the person: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) obeys out of a sense of social duty. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) conforms to gain social approval. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) follows the dictates of his or her conscience.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">40. Which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Postconventional morality appears mostly in educated, middle-class persons. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) The theory is biased against the moral reasoning of people in communal societies such as China. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) The theory is biased in favor of moral reasoning in men.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) It does not account for the fact that the development of moral reasoning is culture-specific. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">41. According to Erikson, the central psychological challenges pertaining to adolescence, young adulthood, and middle age, respectively, are: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) intimacy; identity formation; generativity. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) generativity; intimacy; identity formation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) intimacy; generativity; identity formation.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) identity formation; intimacy; generativity. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">42. In Erikson's theory, individuals generally focus on developing during adolescence and then during young adulthood. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) intimacy; identity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) basic trust; identity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) identity; basic trust
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) identity; intimacy **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">43. After a series of unfulfilling relationships, 30-year-old Carlos tells a friend that he doesn't want to marry because he is afraid of losing his freedom and independence. Erikson would say that Carlos is having difficulty with the psychosocial task of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) trust versus mistrust. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) autonomy versus doubt. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) identity versus role confusion.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) intimacy versus isolation. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">44. After puberty, the self-concept usually becomes: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) more positive in boys. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) more positive in girls. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) more negative in both boys and girls.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) more positive in both boys and girls. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">45. Fourteen-year-old Cassandra feels freer and more open with her friends than with her family. Knowing this is the case, Cassandra's parents should: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) be concerned, because deteriorating parent-adolescent relationships, such as this one, are often followed by a range of problem behaviors. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) encourage Cassandra to find new friends. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) seek family counseling.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) not worry, since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer influence and diminishing parental influence. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">46. Research on social relationships between parents and their adolescent children shows that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) parental influence on children increases during adolescence. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) high school boys who have the most affectionate relationships with their fathers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships with friends. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) most teens are strongly influenced by parents in matters of personal taste.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) high school girls who have the most affectionate relationships with their mothers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships with girlfriends. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">47. Which of the following statements concerning the effects of aging is true? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Aging almost inevitably leads to dementia if the individual lives long enough. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Aging increases susceptibility to short-term ailments such as the flu. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Significant increases in life satisfaction are associated with aging.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) The aging process can be significantly affected by the individual's activity patterns. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">48. The end of menstruation is called: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) menarche. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) the midlife crisis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) generativity.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) menopause. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">49. After menopause, most women: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) experience anxiety and a sense of worthlessness. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) lose interest in sex. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) secrete unusually high levels of estrogen.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) feel a new sense of freedom. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">50. In terms of incidence, susceptibility to short-term illnesses with age and susceptibility to long-term ailments with age. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) increases; decreases <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) increases; increases <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) decreases; decreases
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) decreases; increases **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">51. Of the following, which is a possible cause of dementia? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) stroke <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) brain tumor <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) alcoholism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) all of the above are possible causes **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">52. Underlying Alzheimer's disease is a deterioration in neurons that produce: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) epinephrine. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) norepinephrine. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) serotonin.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) acetylcholine. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">53. The cognitive ability that has been shown to decline during adulthood is the ability to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) recognize new information. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) learn meaningful new material. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) use judgment in dealing with daily life problems.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) recall new information. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">54. Which statement illustrates cognitive development during the course of adult life? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Adults in their forties have better recognition memory than do adults in their seventies. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Recall and recognition memory both remain strong throughout life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Recognition memory decreases sharply at midlife.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) Adults in their forties have better recall memory than do adults in their seventies. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">55. The cross-sectional method: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) studies the same group of people at different times. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) tends to paint too favorable a picture of the effects of aging on intelligence. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) is more appropriate than the longitudinal method for studying intellectual change over the life span.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) compares people of different ages with one another. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">56. Longitudinal tests: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) compare people of different ages. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) usually involve a larger sample than do cross-sectional tests. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) usually involve a smaller sample than do cross-sectional tests.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) study the same people at different times. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">57. Cross-sectional studies of intelligence are potentially misleading because: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) they are typically based on a very small and unrepresentative sample of people. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) retesting the same people over a period of years allows test performance to be influenced by practice. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) of all of the above reasons.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) they compare people who are not only different in age, but of different eras, education levels, and affluence. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">58. A person's general ability to think abstractly is called intelligence. This ability generally with age. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) fluid; increases <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) crystallized; decreases <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) crystallized; increases
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) fluid; decreases **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">59. A person's accumulation of stored information, called intelligence, generally with age. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) fluid; decreases <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) fluid; increases <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) crystallized; decreases
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) crystallized; increases **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">60. Sixty-five-year-old Calvin cannot reason as well as he could when he was younger. More than likely, Calvin's intelligence has declined. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) analytic <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) crystallized <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) both b. and c.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) fluid **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">61. Notable achievements in fields such as are often made by younger adults in their late twenties or early thirties, when intelligence is at its peak. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) philosophy; fluid <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) science; crystallized <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) literature; crystallized
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) mathematics; fluid **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">62. Deborah is a mathematician and Willie is a philosopher. Considering their professions: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Deborah will make her most significant career accomplishments at a later age than Willie will. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Deborah will make her most significant career accomplishments at about the same time as Willie. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) there is still not enough information for predicting such accomplishments.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Deborah will make her most significant career accomplishments at an earlier age than Willie will. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">63. Stage theories have been criticized because they fail to consider that development may be significantly affected by: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) variations in the social clock. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) each individual's experiences. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) each individual's historical and cultural setting.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) all of the above. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">64. The social clock refers to: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) an individual or society's distribution of work and leisure time. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) adulthood responsibilities. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) age-related changes in one's circle of friends.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) typical ages for starting a career, marrying, and so on. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">65. Research on the American family indicates that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) fewer than 23 percent of unmarried adults, but nearly 40 percent of married adults, report being “very happy” with life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) the divorce rate is now one-half the marriage rate. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) of those who divorce, 75 percent remarry.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) all of the above are true. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">66. After their grown children have left home, most couples experience: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) the distress of the “empty nest syndrome.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) increased strain in their marital relationship. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) both a. and b.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) greater happiness and enjoyment in their marital relationship. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">67. Research on the relationship between self-reported happiness and employment in American women has revealed that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) women who work tend to be happier. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) women who do not work tend to be happier. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) women today are happier than in the past, whether they are working or not. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">**D) the quality of a woman's experience in her various roles is more predictive of happiness than the presence or absence of a given role.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">68. Given the text discussion of life satisfaction patterns, which of the following people is likely to report the greatest life satisfaction? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Billy, a 7-year-old second-grader <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) Kathy, a 17-year-old high-school senior <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) Mildred, a 70-year-old retired teacher
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) too little information to tell **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">69. An elderly person who can look back on life with satisfaction and reminisce with a sense of completion has attained Erikson's stage of: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) generativity. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) intimacy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) isolation.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) integrity. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">70. The popular idea that terminally ill and bereaved people go through predictable stages, such as denial, anger, and so forth: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) is widely supported by research. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) more accurately describes grieving in some cultures than others. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) is true of women but not men.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) is not supported by research studies. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">71. Most contemporary developmental psychologists believe that: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) personality is essentially formed by the end of infancy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) personality continues to be formed until adolescence. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) adolescent development has very little impact on adult personality.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) the shaping of personality continues during adolescence and well beyond. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">72. Which of the following statements is consistent with the current thinking of developmental psychologists? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A) Development occurs in a series of sharply defined stages. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">B) The first two years are the most crucial in determining the individual's personality. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">D) Social and emotional style are among the characteristics that show the least stability over the life span.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">C) The consistency of personality in most people tends to increase over the life span. **